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法律与文学其实也是某些学校热门课的题目,不过一般还要牵扯进心理学,就此可以谈一些理论问题。
苏力:《法律与文学:以中国传统戏剧为材料》生活·读书·新知三联书店,2006年6月。428页,31.50元。
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明学有通俗化市场化的特点。但是清人不以为然,认为明学束书不观、游谈无根。明人、清人各有偏重,虽然成就有丰歉,却也各有特点。
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中国人时兴读翻译成中文的外国文学只有一百多年的历史。然而,对于中国社会来说,翻译文学的出现,却是由封闭走向开放重要的文化象征。可以说,一开始它就担负着对国民思想启蒙的时代重任。被称作“中国翻译第一人”的林纾先生曾自称为“叫旦之鸡”,明确地把译 中国人时兴读翻译成中文的外国文学只有一百多年的历史。然而,对于中国社会来说,翻译文学的出现,却是由封闭走向开放重要的文化象征。可以说,一开始它就担负着对国民思想启蒙的时代重任。被称作“中国翻译第一人”的林纾先生曾自称为“叫旦之鸡”,明确地把译介西方进步文学作为呼唤国民觉醒的手段。尤其是五四运动时期,几乎所有重要的作家都动手来做文学翻译。从鲁迅、茅盾、巴金、郭沫若到冰心、胡适、郑振铎、周作人等等。但在他们手里,翻译并不是一种职业,而是一种精神事业。他们一只手为社会为思想而写作,另一只手则用翻译从西方把那些民主的、人道主义的、富于批判精神的文学名著当作先进的思想武器搬进中国。尤其是苏俄的革命文学,成了那个时代苦苦寻找中国出路的青年一代的精神指南。我曾见过徐迟先生在1945年在重庆翻译出版的一本英国人莫德写的托尔斯泰的传记。那时抗战正紧,纸张奇缺,人力财力匮乏,他译的这本书厚达五百页,很难出版。但他坚持将前边的一百多页先印出来,取名叫做《青年托尔斯泰》。这本薄薄的书纸张又黑又糙,有的书页油墨洇透到背面,字迹很难辨认。但徐迟执意说他这样做,是为了探索一颗“深邃而伟大的灵魂”。这是那个时代的需要。那时的文学翻译有着明确的目标乃至信仰,即为国民的精神而工作。 草婴先生曾对我说,“文革”结束后上海一位出版界的领导找他谈话,要他担任译文出版社的总编辑,但被他拒绝了。因为他刚刚经历了那黑暗又残忍的十年,知道国民精神中缺失什么。他决心要把充满人性力量和人道主义精神的托尔斯泰的作品全部翻译出来,以影响国人。 为了精神而翻译——这是我国翻译文学的一个优良的传统。 这个传统同样表现在80年代对西方一些哲学、社会学名著的译介上。这些译作对当时的思想解放与社会开放起了巨大推动作用。可是到了今天,当图书出版被彻底市场化、书籍成了物化的商品之后,我们还会像当年传递火种那样选择作品来翻译吗? 我国的翻译文学还有另一个传统就是对经典性的追求。 由于翻译文学崛起时正处于新文学运动高潮中,又多经作家们的手笔,作家们还有明确的“信、达、雅”(严复)的标准追求,使得翻译文学一开始就有了很高的文学质量。而那时,知识界正在提倡白话文运动。一方面使得翻译语言有着非常广阔的天地;另一方面,通过这些充满思想魅力的外来的文学,反过来给白话文运动以极大的推动。 中国的近代是翻译文学的黄金时代。前不久,我在天津大学北洋美术馆里举办一个俄罗斯文学在中国的版本展,上千版本排开一看,大翻译家们竟如满天星斗。在近百年中国文学的大地上,翻译文学好比长江大河。想想看,倘若没有翻译文学,近现代中国文学会是什么样子?一个可贵的情况是,往往一个翻译家专门翻译一个或两个外国作家的作品。他们倾尽一生之力,从作品的文本到作家的文本,从研究到翻译——这样的译本一定会得其“神”的。记得上世纪80年代百废俱兴那个时代,一家出版社要重新出版俄罗斯作家契诃夫的小说,由于一些枝节问题与公认契诃夫小说最好的翻译家汝龙先生谈不拢,便想另起炉灶,换别人来译,遂从契诃夫小说中选取《套中人》和《小公务员之死》两篇,约请几位俄文译者同时来译,以从中选优。待译好一看,皆与汝龙的译本差之千里。仿佛这两篇不是契诃夫写的了。契诃夫那种天性的灵透、温情、深挚与那种淡淡的感伤,好像只在汝龙的字里行间里。无奈,还得回过头来找汝龙先生。 许多外国作家在中国都是幸运地有这样一位天才的翻译家,因而才有了千千万万读者。在好的译本中,翻译家与外国作家是“同一个人”,不仅语言和语感,连生命气质也系系相通。他们就像那些外国作家的“化身”。比如托尔斯泰和草婴、果戈理和满涛、巴尔扎克与罗曼·罗兰和傅雷、雨果和李丹、莎士比亚和朱生豪、泰戈尔和冰心、马克·吐温和张友松、塞万提斯和杨绛等等;屠格涅夫的“化身”多一点,有巴金、萧珊、丰子恺、丽尼等。这些译本既是人类的财富也是中国文学的财富。它们早已是中国文学的一部分了。读世界文学的经典是必须要挑选版本的,就像听古典音乐,要挑选乐队和演奏家。 然而在当今市场乱糟糟的炒作中,这种传统被忽视了。这些年除去韩少功精译的米兰·昆德拉的《生命不能承受之轻》外,很少再有作家涉足翻译。大概由于当代作家的外语都较差,再有便是翻译的职业化。翻译一旦职业化和工具化,图书市场的畅销与营利的至上便主导一切。一本在国外乍热起来的畅销书或刚刚爆出媒体的诺奖作品,马上就成为出版社疯抢的香饽饽。一旦抢到手,随即腰斩几段分给几位译者,争分夺秒译出来,再请一位高手飞速地“顺”上两遍,马上出版上市。这种及时“打造”出来的翻译作品一定畅销,也一定在质量上大打折扣。因此,已经很长时间读不到关于好译本的书评了。译本的优劣似乎已不重要。比如在对戴聪译的巴别克的《骑兵军》好评如潮中,没有一篇赞美译笔的诗境与语言精致的质感。这也是当前文化粗鄙化的表现之一。 商业文化的特征是不要经典。或者说商业文化多追求物质的精致,但很少追求精神的精致。那么对精神精致与深邃的追求落到谁的肩上了呢?比方翻译文学,谁来继承百年翻译史的两个优秀的传统——即为了精神的传统与追求经典的传统。
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我们常听说,儒家讲道德,法家讲法律,儒家讲德治,法家讲法治。大致说来,固是如此,但是一方讲法律或法治,一方讲道德或德治,何以就会发生矛盾而急不相容?
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每次突发事件演变成群体事件,通常是由这样一些人群参与: 当事人或家属;经济利益共同体;政治利益共同体;情绪共同体。
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彼得·巴菲特为著名投资人沃伦·巴菲特之子,上月发表文章批评慈善事业为"洗涤良心"--“坐拥正常人一辈子享用不完的财富,然后做慈善撒出一点点,保证自我感觉良好。但这只会维护现行的不平等体制。富人晚上可以睡个好觉了,其他人只能保证不造反。每每有人通过做慈善换取心安理得的感受,世界的另一端就会有人牺牲在不公正的体制之下。”
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石鲁(1919-1982),原名冯亚珩,四川省仁寿县人。与赵望云、何海霞一起被誉为“长安三杰”。1934年入成都东方美专研习中国画。1938年投身抗日救亡运动,1940年赴延安入陕北公学,开始以画笔宣传革命。因仰慕石涛和鲁迅,易名石鲁。曾任西北美协副主席,西北画报社社长,中国美协第一届理事,中国美协第二、三届常务理事,中国美协陕西分会主席,中国书协陕西分会主席。主要作品有《家家都在花丛中》、《转战陕北》、《南泥湾途中》、《寒鸦图》、《高原行》、《早春》、《激流》、《李世南》、《田间小景》、《收工》、《林山重重》等。 本站图片视界栏目刊载 《美典神》与 《转战陕北》
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4月6日,关涉民生福利与公共利益的新医改方案全文最终由新华社公布。这也意味着,这个涉及13亿人福祉的世纪民生工程,在经过多个部委参与和吸纳建议之后,最终定音。新医改方案显示,未来数年之内,仍然是多种体系并存。新医改方案提出,要“探索实行收支两条线、公共卫生、医疗保障经费总额预付等多种行之有效的管理办法”。
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书评
历史
2010/03/17
| 阅读: 1370
《The Blood Road--The Mystery of Shen Dingyi in Revolutionary China》一书,是美国加州大学伯克利分校政治学教授萧邦奇(R. Keith Schoppa)关于20世纪10-20年代中国政治研究的一部力作。该书于1995年由加州大学出版社出版,当年便荣膺美国列文森图书奖中的优秀史学著作奖。该书的中译本《血路--中国革命中的沈定一传奇》于1999年9月由江苏人民出版社推出,翻译者为周武彪先生。 当你偶然从书架上拾起这本书开始阅读的时候,你很难一下子意识到你手中拿着的是一部严肃的学术著作。本书第一章的叙述风格使得该书更象是一部畅销的侦探推理小说。作者在长达八页的篇幅中,向我们描述了一个并不复杂的事件:1928年8月,本书主人翁沈定一从他的家乡--浙江省萧山县的衙前村--去省内的风景名胜莫干山消夏。他在那里盘桓两日,会晤了一些老朋友。而后,他在回家的途中遭到枪手的暗杀。穿插于这些事实之间的,是大量的对当时历史背景的介绍、对沿途自然人文景观的琐碎记述和对主人翁内心感受的主观推测;接着,是对突如其来的暗杀过程和血腥场景的细致的描述。最后,由于杀手的成功逃逸,使得这次暗杀事件显得扑塑迷离,给读者留下许多悬念...... 当然,这本书的巨大成功决不仅仅归因于作者巧妙的整体构思和高超的写作技巧,它能获得列文森图书奖,更重要的原因,我想,在于作者以一种深入浅出、举重若轻的叙述方式,详实生动地向读者展现了20世纪初期中国政治的一般面貌。书中的许多观点反映出作者对民国政治和中国革命的深邃见解。作者在《提要》中说明:"本研究的主要意图还是为了通过研究沈定一的交往、经历和死亡以及其中蕴涵的本世纪10年代晚期和整个20年代中国社会、政治、文化裂痕及结构,以考察20年代中国革命。"综观本书,我认为作者成功地实现了上述意图。 按照近年来西方学界颇为流行的理论研究范式,萧邦奇在本项研究中所关注的核心问题之一是对主人翁沈定一"身份"(identity)的界定。他选择这样的角度切入主题,是基于以下认识: 在整个20世纪的巨大挑战和曲折地探索新的政治和文化正统的过程中,中国人的身份问题始终居于中心地位。......在巨大的、令人目眩的社会政治变迁背景下,个体不得不把自身的身份问题与社会、国家、民族中的其他人的身份问题紧密联系起来。而急剧的革命变迁造成的相当的政治与人身不安全也使得个人必须面对身份问题,在某些情况下甚至还须建构或重构身份。 为了确定沈定一的"身份",萧邦奇在研究中主要借助了"社会网络"的概念和方法。他认为"社会"是"个体间通过广泛的私人联系而形成的联结体或聚集体。这些可能既是横向又是纵向的联系随之又组成社会关系束和关系网,而后者又是社会组织和群体诸如政党和派系结构的基本成分。"在作者看来,"社会网络"不仅是构成社会的要件,而且是决定社会发展变迁的一种动力机制。 在运用"网络"概念和方法对大量史料和史实进行梳理的过程中,萧邦奇发现:"个人并不只简单地从属于一张网,而是属于许多重叠的网,这些网决定了个人的社会位置并塑造其身份";"许多精英的身份具有变化的轨迹,随着社会情境的变迁而具有相当的模糊性和适应性。" 正是基于对沈定一在不同时期(如辛亥革命前后,北洋政府时期,五四时期,国共合作时期,国共分裂之后等)、不同"场所"(如全国范围,浙江省内和萧山衙前等)所处的众多的、相互交叉重叠的"社会网络"的深入研究,萧邦奇向我们展示了沈定一作为"地主少爷"、"清朝县官"、"辛亥革命的拥护者与参与者"、 "地方自治倡导者"、"新闻记者和五四精英"、"农村教育家和农民运动先驱"、"上海共产主义小组主要成员"、"国共合作时期的跨党分子"、"西山会议参与者"、浙江省"清党委员会负责人"、"国民党内的反对派"和"反地主的地主"等多重复杂的政治面相,从而使我们对沈定一这一历史人物的认知超越了我们所熟知的"好人"或"坏人"、"革命"或"反动"的简单二元模式,使沈定一的形象显得更加生动、丰满和真实可信。 ( 其次,通过对沈定一所处的"社会网络"的末梢和外延的分析研究,萧邦奇在界定沈定一个人身份的同时,还连带地向我们展示了一幅20世纪10-20年代浙江乃至全国政治舞台上活跃着的政治精英的群像。这使我们对"沈案"的历史背景有了一个更全面的整体把握。 第三,通过研究"社会网络"形成和裂变的基因,萧邦奇还向我们立体地展示了10-20年代中国革命阵营内外的各种矛盾和冲突,从而逐步明确了沈定一在萧山衙前、浙江乃至全国的政治对立面--"沈案"的潜在主谋。 在该书的第九章,萧邦奇为我们列出了五种不同类型的嫌疑人:(1)衙前东岳庙庙祝;(2)嵊县蚕茧商人;(3)萧山县地主;(4)共产党或个别共产党员;(5)国民党或个别国民党员,并根据他(它)们各自可能产生的暗杀动机的强弱程度、组织和实施暗杀计划的各种能力、以及"沈案"发生后各方的反应,最终将暗杀的主谋锁定为国民党内的蒋介石集团,指出这是一场"为阻止政治成功和潜在叛乱而实施的谋杀"。尽管萧邦奇的上述推断缺乏直接的证据,还不能作为历史的定论,但作者基于大量的史料史实所作出的严谨周密的逻辑论证,依然给我们留下了深刻的映象。 在萧邦奇看来,沈定一在浙江和全国政治舞台上的沉浮和他的最终死亡,是20世纪10-20年代中国革命发展和蜕变历史的一个缩影。中国革命的悲剧在于: 在革命的早期阶段,许多怀着不同政治和知识信念的人们,面对已被鉴定和确认的共同敌人会聚成广泛的反帝反军阀的包容性动力源。五四时期所崇尚的宽容、开放和实验意识正是这整个时期的时代精神。......但是,到20年代中期,当革命运动开始显示出可能即将成功的迹象时,革命过程却变得日益富于排他性而不再是包容性。 在短短十年间,政治宪政文化及其对程序和法律的强调即被顺应革命而兴起的尚武风尚吸纳和摧毁。 造成革命异化的原因是多方面的。具有讽刺意味的是,这其中也包括沈定一自己在浙江和全国政治舞台上的所作所为。而这,又正是造成沈定一生前死后毁誉不一的重要原因。 在围绕"沈案"的研究叙述中,字里行间,作者还很自然地表露出他对"革命"的独特看法和他所遵奉的历史观。他写到: 革命并不是主要只依靠非个人的社会、经济力量或意识形态斗争就能解释的过程。相反,革命是男人和女人们的故事。这些处于不同的社会关系和推进力中的人们,常常是别无选择地被卷入他们所不能控制和引导的革命形势和风暴之中。 革命过程中的日常决策和行动产生于类似的事件、发展和关系,而不是普遍的意识形态、政治一致及发展。为了理解革命,我们必须把主要的关注点放在日常人生经历和社会过程,人们的思想发展和行动正是来自于此;我们也应把我们的主要关注点置于活生生的个体之上,不同个体的目标相同,但可能来自于多样的动机。 如果我们把萧邦奇的上述观点验之于沈定一的个人经历,是言之成理的。 如上所述,对《血路》这本书可以有两种不同的读法。如果把它当作一部侦探推理小说去读,在故事的结尾没有能够最终确认"沈案"的主谋,不能不使读者感到某种缺憾。但在我看来,既然该书是一部以浙江为主要"场所"、以沈定一为中心人物的民国政治个案研究专著,在我们读完全书以后,谁是"沈案"的元凶似乎已经并不重要,因为作者已经成功地运用"沈案"所造成的悬念,巧妙地将读者的思绪引入到当时的历史情境之中,使我们在不知不觉中对20世纪初期民国政治和中国革命的了解更进一步。 后一种读法,或许更符合作者的心愿。
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与普契尼的三联剧相对应,郭文景创作了他的 “巾帼英雄三联剧”《穆桂英》、《花木兰》和 《梁红玉》,在刚刚结束的北京国际音乐节上演出。“巾帼英雄三联剧”由话剧导演李六乙的工作室制作。
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法律训练和教育在美国属于职业训练,是早是由律师事务所进行的,后来才正式进入大学;进行大学后也一直是作为一种职业训练学校,其目的是培养合格的律师,学生一毕业就可以进行法律实务的操作。
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The Nursery of GeniusA brief survey of ten magazines of influenceBy Nicholas Sabloff“A magazine,” Thomas Paine said, “is the nursery of genius.” Upon moving to America, Paine became a contributor and editor at the Pennsylvania Magazine. Not long after, he published Common Sense, the pamphlet that defined the American Revolution.Generations of young writers and thinkers have been drawn to what is an elusive project: to create a magazine that makes an indelible mark on the course of politics, art, literature, and history. Such idealists have persevered in the face of the debt, disillusionment, meager circulation, and general indifference from which all but a few of these publications inevitably perish.What follows are brief sketches of a certain variety of little magazine, “little” (with the exception of the American Mercury) by virtue of their circulation. They are not zines or self-published pamphlets or policy journals, all of which may also be entitled to a claim of littleness. The magazines here are united in their commitment to forwarding the causes of literature, high art, and politics; they are best remembered for helping to establish canonical writers and for their contributions to the intellectual culture of their day. The spirit of such magazines was perhaps best captured by Lionel Trilling in the 1950s when he wrote, “They are snickered at and snubbed, sometimes deservedly, and no one would venture to say in a precise way just what effect they have . . . except that they keep a countercurrent moving which perhaps no one will be fully aware of until it ceases to move.” The Dial, Boston1840-1844 Often considered the progenitor of the “little” magazine in America, the Dial was founded by “Transcendental Club” members Margaret Fuller and Ralph Waldo Emerson. Like many little magazines, the Dial was conceived out of frustration with the other journals of its day. Emerson used the second issue to call for a native literature that represented American culture. To this end, the magazine published obscure writers and poets, most of whom remained that way. The most notable exception was its most popular contributor, Henry David Thoreau. The Transcendentalists’ interest in Eastern religions and philosophy brought the magazine more mockery than readers (“ethereal” was a common complaint): it never had more than 300 subscribers and Emerson came away from the project $300 the poorer. The magazine’s influence, however, has lived on. Resurrected countless times, in the 1920s the Dial became the premier Modernist magazine in the U.S. (it brought T.S. Eliot’s “The Waste Land” to American readers) and gave birth to a publishing house, the Dial Press, that carries on to this day. Poetry, Chicago1912-Present The flourishing of Modernism in the first decades of the twentieth century coincided with a renaissance in American literary magazines. Harriet Monroe’s showcase for American poetry was at the center of this efflorescence. Poetry published T.S. Eliot’s groundbreaking “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock” in 1915. The poem had been passed along to Monroe by the magazine’s foreign correspondent, Ezra Pound. Poetry’s early years featured Pound’s promotion of imagism and, following the publication of Carl Sandburg’s “Chicago,” passionate defenses of free verse. It published early work by Marianne Moore, Hart Crane, Wallace Stevens, and Edna St. Vincent Millay. The initial pay rate: a generous $10 a page. The amount the magazine received in a bequest from pharmaceutical heiress Ruth Lilly in 2003: $100 million.The Masses, New York1911-1917 The Masses advocated for progressive causes such as socialism, pacifism, vegetarianism, and birth control, and published such progressives as Helen Keller, Jane Addams, and Bertrand Russell. The furious satires penned by its cartoonist, Art Young—he pilloried everything from the press to Jesus, and depicted capitalism as an overstuffed bald eagle—brought the magazine its share of controversy and notoriety. Edited by Columbia professor Max Eastman, the Masses was radical enough to print the intrepid American journalist and revolutionary socialist John Reed and antiwar enough to run afoul of the Espionage Act in 1917, resulting in a series of trials that led to the magazine’s demise. After folding in 1917, Eastman and his colleagues returned a year later with theLiberator. Many of these same editors, though not Eastman, regrouped in 1926 to launch the more overtly Marxist New Masses.The Criterion,London1922-1939T.S. Eliot edited Modernism’s most famous magazine at night after coming home from his job at Lloyds Bank. The Criterion’s editorial office was his house. From these modest origins sprung a debut issue containing “The Waste Land” and a magazine that, in its first year, received contributions from Luigi Pirandello, Virginia Woolf, Ezra Pound, E.M. Forster, and W.B. Yeats. In his effort to convey a European consciousness unlike that found in other magazines of the time, Eliot’s Criterion became the first periodical to publish Proust in English. Eliot spent the following years trying to establish such writers as W. H. Auden, Stephen Spender, and Wyndham Lewis, while simultaneously expounding his defense of classicism, tradition, and Catholicism. The magazine never reached more than 800 subscribers and Eliot somewhat dispiritedly ended the Criterion in 1939.The American Mercury, New York1924-1980H.L. Mencken conceived the American Mercury as a magazine capable of taking in the whole absurd carnival of the American scene during the Jazz Age. Irreverent, learned, iconoclastic, and satirical, the magazine became indistinguishable from Mencken himself. It furiously lampooned his favorite targets— creationists, Prohibition, the “booboisie”—in the pungent style of its editor. The premier literary tastemaker of his time, Mencken published fiction by William Faulkner, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Thomas Wolfe, and Sherwood Anderson alongside articles written by convicts, clergyman, lawyers, dishwashers, and outdoorsmen. At its peak, in 1928, the American Mercuryhad 84,000 subscribers. The magazine lost momentum after 1929 when Mencken’s satirical edge, defense of laissez-faire economics, and disdain for the proletariat put him out of step with the culture of the Depression era. The man Walter Lippmann once referred to as “the most powerful influence on this whole generation of educated people” left the magazine in 1933.Partisan Review,New York1934-2003It has been said of Partisan Review that despite rarely having more than ten thousand subscribers, it had the right ten thousand subscribers. When people get nostalgic for the golden days of the “public intellectual” in America, Partisan Review is never far from their minds. Though it began under the auspices of the arts branch of the American Communist Party, the magazine’s founding editors, William Phillips and Philip Rahv, soon parted ways with the party’s embrace of Stalinism. Staunchly anti-Stalinist and a defender of high art,Partisan Review was a magazine in which Rahv’s critiques of Marxism were followed by Eliot’s “Four Quartets.” The flagship publication of the New York Intellectuals, Partisan Review published Lionel Trilling, Irving Howe, Dwight Macdonald, Hannah Arendt, Mary McCarthy, and such classic essays as Clement Greenberg’s “Avant-Garde and Kitsch” and Susan Sontag’s “Notes on Camp.” The number of little magazines—Macdonald’s Politics, Howe’s Dissent—started by its former contributors over the years, often following an intellectual falling-out, testifies to its influence.Les Temps Modernes, Paris1945-PresentJean-Paul Sartre launched Les Temps Modernes one year after the liberation of France and at the height of his fame as a novelist, playwright, literary critic, and philosopher. It was truly a magazine of the moment and quickly became the leading exponent of Existentialism. (It, too, peaked at ten thousand subscribers.) The magazine published such titans of postwar experimental literature as Samuel Beckett, Jean Genet, Raymond Queneau, and Marguerite Duras, as well as Sartre’s monumental literary manifesto, “What Is Writing?” The magazine’s name, taken from the Charlie Chaplin filmModern Times, reflected Sartre’s belief that engagement with the present moment was man’s duty. Sartre also believed in the pen’s ability to ignite political change, and in its first decade,Les Temps Modernes condemned capitalism and colonialism, and demanded that France depart from Indochina and Algeria. By the early 1950s, Sartre’s Soviet sympathies had caused all the original editors but Simone de Beauvoir to depart, and it was on the pages of Les Temps Modernes, in one of the defining moments of 1950s intellectual life, that Sartre and Albert Camus’s friendship ended as the two quarreled bitterly in print over Stalinism.The Paris Review,Paris/New York1953-PresentThe Paris Review, which began life in hopes of recapturing the literary spirit of 1920s Paris, wanted to serve its writers, and George Plimpton, its charismatic co-founder and editor, was not bashful about engaging in a little showmanship to ensure that their voices would be heard. While never as fervently countercultural as Barnet Rosset’s more European-orientedEvergreen Review, in its early years the Paris Review helped to launch Terry Southern, Philip Roth, and Jack Kerouac, and was the first to publish Samuel Beckett in America. Its “Art of Fiction” interviews have become an institution unto themselves. Forever hovering around ten thousand subscribers, the magazine is still going strong despite Plimpton’s death in 2003 and despite the belief of one of its founding editors, Peter Matthiessen, that “little magazines should have short lives and then disappear.”The Baffler, Chicago1988-presentFounded by Thomas Frank, the Baffler modeled itself after Mencken’s American Mercury, and like his idol, Frank loved to cause mischief by exposing the absurdities and delusions of the “booboisie.” Unlike most little magazines, the Baffler was built around an explicit thesis: that American business culture had co-opted the very idea of dissent by making it a commodity. The magazine spent the 1990s ridiculing one instance after another—from the Gen-X rebel consumers at Details to the peddling of “alternative” culture—in which subversion and rebellion were marketed as lifestyle choices and the counterculture was used only to reinforce the logic of late-twentieth-century capitalism. Despite only publishing seventeen issues to date, the magazine has two anthologies of essays to its name. These days, Frank can be found on the punditry circuit, having brought his critique of the culture wars into the mainstream with his 2004 book What’s the Matter with Kansas?n+1, New York2004-Present Over the course of only five issues n+1 has laid claim to being the most important new little magazine to emerge from post-9/11 America. Although its small circulation pales in comparison to such coevals as the Believer and McSweeney’s,n+1 has caused an impressive amount of commotion by responding polemically to the present era. Beyond liberal politics, the editors’ other great passion is the defense of the literary novel: the magazine openly declares itself a descendent of the high seriousness and sense of tradition of Partisan Review. Yet the magazine’s self-conscious tone and its ability to shift casually from discussions of European theory to dissections of pop culture are unmistakably contemporary. In recent issues, the magazine has begun focusing its breezy editorials on exploring the effects that such cultural phenomena as dating, casual sex, porn, and the omnipresence of cell phones and email have had on contemporary consciousness and the experience of everyday life.http://archives.jrn.columbia.edu/nyrm/2007/sabloff_well.html
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从“法”字“水”旁出发,结合古老的传世文献和地下出土文物,证诸神话传说和文化人类学材料。
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关于90年代文学的状况和90年代小说的状况,我们的教材里似乎什么都说了,但是又什么都没说清楚。
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后现代不反对科学,它抵制的是科学的霸权、科学的霸道,也就是科学沙文主义。
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文学
人文
2008/11/30
| 阅读: 1372
德国小说家与法国社会学家就新自由主义把政治倒退成功地变成社会进步的标准,以及就启蒙运动在欧盟中这两大文化的命运交流意见。
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朱其最近发表了一系列批评中国当代艺术的文章。
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再次必须明确的是,从政治意义上说,「中国」常常不止是被等同於「王朝」,而且常常只是在指某一家某一姓的「政府」。政府即政权是否可以等於「国家」,国家是否可以直接等同於「祖国」?这是一些仍然需要明确的概念,一些政治认同常常会影响到人们的文化认同,甚至消泯人们的历史认同,这是很麻烦的事情。
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三方面的情况:一是重庆今后五年经济发展的三个关键的措施:城市化建设、工业化进度和三峡库区的发展,二是介绍一下重庆在近几年在财政、金融、资本三方面进行的一些措施;第三对我们教育战线及整个重庆人才培养方面所做的介绍。
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感叹号多了点,但很真诚。
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