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2008/08/05
| 阅读: 1382
第十二届绿色中国论坛上的发言。“[当前中国农业]造成的环境破坏,是远甚于工业的。一般的化肥能够被作物吸收百分之二十几,农业的高排放,其实是大气、水源、土壤三处污染,我们都知道里面有大量的残留是留在作物里面。”
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2009/09/05
| 阅读: 1365
至今,发达国家提出的中近期减排目标差距很大。2008年G8+5峰会在日本北海道举行,中、印等五个发展中国家的首脑发表政治声明,要求发达国家2020年比1990年减排25%—40%,2050年减排80%—95%。在今年3月份的波兰会议上,中国和南非也联合发表了宣言,进一步明确发达国家到2020年总体上比1990年减排40%,到2050年减排95%。现在看来,达成协议会有很大的难度。
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2009/02/26
| 阅读: 1362
近日,绿色和平与第三世界网络共同调查发现,我国最接近商业化生产或在研发阶段的8种转基因水稻全都被国外的专利所控制,涉及的国外专利多达28项。一旦这些转基因水稻获批商业化种植,我国的农业生产、粮食安全和粮食主权将面临重大危机。
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2010/10/31
| 阅读: 1333
这是一个至情至性的老人:他从来不印名片,和人聊的投机了,就随手撕下一角废纸自制一张土名片。他是名门之后、政协委员,但恐怕也是少有的骑着自行车、穿着布鞋去报到的委员;他讨厌外出吃饭应酬,实在拒绝不了就自带碗筷;招待客人,他从来都只倒半杯水以避免浪费。 这也是一个敢怒敢言的老人:在举国上下都说“科学技术是第一生产力”的时候,他提醒如果不对人类行为进行约束,科学技术也是自然的第一破坏力。当某些部门大力发展汽车产业时,他大声讨伐小汽车的“道路霸权”。当地方政府制定出宏伟的怒江水电开发计划后,他冒着被追杀的风险四处奔走,希望为中国留下“唯一一条自由流淌的河流”。别人骂他是“极端环保主义者”时,他不仅欣然接受,并且声明自己就是要向极端发展主义宣战。 这位老人叫梁从诫,今年已经76岁。他因为创建了中国第一个环保NGO——自然之友,成为国人环境保护意识的启蒙者。 梁从诫是著名建筑学家梁思成和林徽因的儿子,他的名字,曾寄托了长辈对他的殷殷期待。原来,林徽因怀梁从诫的时候,正在努力攻读古代建筑学家李诫的著作,由于希望儿子将来也能成为一名古建筑学家,因此取名“从诫”。 可惜,家庭的言传身教,并没有帮助梁从诫走上建筑之路。北京大学历史系研究生毕业后,梁从诫成了历史学家。而这一轨迹,又在他年逾六旬之后发生了改变。 究竟是什么,让一个年逾六旬的老人突然改变自己的事业轨迹?对此,梁从诫是这么解释的:“上世纪80年代初我办了一个杂志叫《百科知识》,当时我收到一位作者给我投来的稿子,里面讲到乡镇企业。那个时候乡镇企业刚刚起步,社会上一片赞扬声。可是这位作者却说,乡镇企业有可能成为我们国家环境保护方面的一大问题,因为星罗棋布的小规模的乡镇企业可能会造成遍地开花的环境污染问题。现在大家已经看到了,这已经变成现实了,我就是从读他那篇文章开始意识到中国环境问题的严重性。” 对于梁从诫放弃史学研究投身环保,学界泰斗季羡林先生曾作过如下评价:“从诫本来是一个历史学家,如果沿着这条路走下去的话,什么风险也不会有就能有所成就。然而,他不甘心坐在象牙塔里养尊处优;他毅然抛开那一条‘无灾无难到公卿’的道路,由一个历史学家一变而为‘自然之友’。这就是他忧国忧民忧天下思想的表现。我对他只能表示钦佩与尊敬。宁愿丢一个历史学家,也要多一个‘自然之友’。” 而梁从诫对中国环境问题的认识,也带有历史学的厚重。他曾在讲座中多次提醒,我们的人口历史上从来没有这么多,因此我们的人均资源从来没有像现在这么少,而这些人均资源是一个国家发展和环境改善的最根本的条件,如果我们这方面遭到了破坏,变成了很贫瘠的状态,那么就谈不到这个国家会有一个非常繁荣、非常安全的前提。 在这两个基础之上,最让梁从诫担心的是一种极端发展主义的思路。他表示,国富民强是一件好事,但是大家同时不要忘记,这个国富民强是要靠自然资源和土地所承受的污染和排放作为代价,我们怎么样能够找到一个更合理的结合点?而不是单纯地牺牲我们的环境、牺牲我们的资源? 梁从诫经常会被问到,“自然之友”成立十几年了,最大的成就究竟是什么?在他看来,以“自然之友”为代表的NGO,最大的成就不是保住了哪一座山、保住了哪一种动物。而是为社会上许多关注环保的人找到了一个共同发挥作用的可能性,就是提供了一个组织、提供了一个家园。“积十年之成效,中国的NGO已经成为一个不容忽视的显著存在。虽然在他们为大自然请命的抗争中,可以说是败多胜少;但他们仍然以‘知其不可而为之’的态度积极行动,屡败屡战。他们是一群无私的挑战者、清醒的奉献者、积极的‘悲观主义’者。因而,他们经常被人视为天真或偏激。然而,社会并不总是循着‘聪明人’的意志。回头看时,我们竟然比当初所能想象的走得更远,正如龙应台在获文学奖时的感言——好像在漂泊的路上忽然发现一蓬当年种下的金盏菊,刚好盛开。”这是“自然之友”纪念自己十年过往时的感言。这何尝不是梁从诫自己的心路历程。 十余年的环保一线工作经验,让梁从诫对中国的环保现状有了更清醒的认识。在“自然之友”,梁从诫提了一个口号,“不当绿色救世主”。他一再提醒工作人员,不要以为自己有多大的本领,舍我其谁。改变社会风气是很难的,就一条“不要随地吐痰”,喊了多少年了,喊了100年了,孙中山就喊起,喊到蒋介石,一直喊到共产党,结果怎么样?不是照样在大街上随地吐痰吗?这么一件小小的事情都那么难改变,如果我们自己不从自身做起,而总是希望借助一个什么奇迹般的力量一下子把这个社会全改了,是做不到的。 最近几年,梁从诫提得最多的话题是环保公益诉讼。“没有环保公益诉讼,我们环保团体没有办法代表公众利益去起诉环境污染的制造者。”他以四川沱江重大污染事件为例,虽然事件的责任人受到制裁,但是,这种恶性污染事件给沿江的百姓造成的重大损失却一直没有赔偿,谁去帮老百姓讨回公道和利益? “环境权益不仅仅属于私人利益,更属于社会公益。”梁从诫表示,在欧美各国的环境法中,都普遍采用了环境公益诉讼制度。为减轻公众在环境诉讼中的成本,弥补其专业知识,各国都为公众环境诉讼创造了便利的司法条件。 如果说,梁从诫的祖父梁启超曾以《少年中国说》照亮了半封建半殖民地社会中国人的心灵,他的父亲梁思成用古建筑唤醒了国人重视历史、尊重文化的情结,那么,梁从诫则用环保NGO的力量,给了这个浮躁的社会更多反思。 梁从诫简介 1932 年生于北京,祖父梁启超,父亲梁思成,母亲林徽因。 1989年开始,任全国政协委员和常委,以及政协人口、资源、环境委员会委员; 1993年开始关注民间环境保护活动。领导创建了中国第一家完全民办环境保护组织“自然之友”; 1999年,获中国环境新闻工作者协会和香港地球之友颁发的“地球奖”,以及国家林业局颁发的“大熊猫奖”; 2000年12月, 被国家环保总局授予 “环境保护杰出贡献者”称号; 2002年,任“北京奥组委环境顾问”; 2005年,获“绿色中国年度人物”奖。 2010年10月28日 因病去世
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2010/06/24
| 阅读: 1332
南卡罗来纳州《博福特报》的一封读者来信,因其视角的不同而格外引人注意。
这封来信说,墨西哥湾漏油事件"不是英国石油公司或瑞士越洋钻探公司的错,也不是政府的错,而是我的错。我应该为此受到指责"。信中解释道,"之所以是我的错,是因为我没有领悟到当今世界明明白白的启示:或许是我应该为世界的未来着想,并因此改变我现在这种不可持续的生活方式。
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2008/03/17
| 阅读: 1320
四川西部的横断山区是中国最大的天然林区之一,也是长江上游的天然屏障,但在20世纪遭到滥砍滥伐的毁灭性破坏,因此面临巨大的生态灾难。1998年中国的大洪水终于使政府和社会有了一次警醒的机会,天然林禁伐、“天保工程”和“退耕还林还草”的实施,使长期以来急剧恶化的西部生态环境有了转机。然而,就在纠正滥伐森林错误的同时,水电大开发中不适当的开发目标和开发方式却又使这里的生态环境遇到了比以往的天然林采伐更大的威胁。
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2009/09/14
| 阅读: 1315
根据北京市市政市容管理委员会的资料,北京垃圾以每年8%的速度增加,2008年日产垃圾1.84万吨,预计2012年全市垃圾生产量将达日均2.5万吨,2015年达日均3万吨,届时,北京现有垃圾填埋场将全部填满。
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2011/09/16
| 阅读: 1308
2011年9月7日:国际环保组织绿色和平的最新调查发现:乐购、卜蜂莲花,联华超市所出售的散装大米上含有多种微量的农药残留,在草莓、空心菜、韭菜等生鲜蔬果上也含有多种农药残留,其中包括多菌灵等内分泌干扰素类农药,以及违禁农药甲胺磷。
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2009/12/02
| 阅读: 1304
图瓦卢将要消失了,而沿海城市也终将面对海平面升高带来的一系列问题。
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2009/02/17
| 阅读: 1299
20世纪80年代后期以来,中国北方陷入了持续的、规模空前的恶性水源危机。十河九干、大河断流、地下水位大尺度下降;人类生存环境受到严重威胁。长时间以来,主流认为,“气候变暖变干、工业用水增多、森林植被减少”等因素是“大水荒”的主要成因。通过深入的量化研究,本文否定了这些成因。
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2008/03/24
| 阅读: 1285
“今年出版的这本2008环境绿皮书是由《自然之友》主编,社科文献出版社出版的绿皮书,三年绿皮书的标题都是很有意思的,第一年叫困境与突围,第二年叫转型与博弈,今年叫做危机与转机,大概是相同的概念,显示了我们中国环境问题正在一个特殊的转折期。”
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2010/07/07
| 阅读: 1279
Barack Obama’s demand, in his June 15 speech, that the former British Petroleum Company create an escrow account, to guarantee the funds that will be needed to deal with the consequences of the continuing catastrophe in the Gulf of Mexico, should have been made weeks ago, and should surely have been framed more strongly than it was.The President, in this matter, continues to demonstrate the quality, laudable in itself, but in politics extraordinarily dangerous, of assuming that those he is dealing with are as reasonable and well-intentioned as he is himself. In fact they are often driven by ruthlessly self-interested motives that leave him in a position of seeming weakness and unwillingness to defend not only national but his own political interests.At the end of May one saw the President on international television walking on a Louisiana beach, accompanied—off-scene—by hundreds if not thousands of newsmen, broadcasters, and cameramen. He seemed abject. He bent over and picked up a handful of sand and let it run through his fingers. He shook his head in concern. A cutaway showed his speeches earlier in this affair declaring that his administration is in charge of the great effort to save America’s coast and waters from the terrible pollution that is spreading as a result of a volcano of oil erupting from the sea’s floor and meeting the sickly-colored, toxic chemicals being mixed into the water that are meant to disperse it.In his June 15 speech, Mr. Obama finally insisted that BP would pay for all the damage and cleanup and would be held responsible for any illegalities; and the next day at the White House BP agreed to an independently administered $20 billion escrow fund, while the full costs to the Gulf region are far from clear.In the press conferences given by the President and the BP chairman that followed the meeting it was clear that the American government still does not control this situation. BP alone will determine what is done with respect to the oil geyser and its promised closure. While it will make available the $20 billion compensation fund, the timing, terms, and ultimate worth of BP’s assurances of compensation and reparation remain open to interpretation and change.Advertisement How can the President possibly say that his administration has “been in charge”? BP has been in charge from the start—it and its contract companies, all of them desperately trying to plug the hole in the bottom of the sea, and all defending corporate and fiscal interests of their own. The President’s associates and advisers have apparently decided that the agencies of the United States government are technically incompetent to give instructions to BP, which seems improbable. But they certainly can and must tell BP what priorities must be set, and they must establish goals to be met, and on what timescale.BP’s lawyers and lobbyists have just as desperately been striving to allow BP to unload responsibility upon anyone or everyone else, including incompetent or irresponsible or compromised federal regulators. Allow me, in the style of the metropolitan columnists who influence Washington, to draft what the President might have said in his June 15 speech:“My friends:“The American nation has suffered a grievous blow from the catastrophe produced in the Gulf by what formerly was known as the British Petroleum Company. This is the latest in a series of major accidents produced in this company’s American operations, causing loss of lives among its workers, unforgivable human suffering by private citizens, and great damage to private and public interests, continuing today in the Gulf.“I have therefore today given orders that the American functions of this company be provisionally seized, or placed in temporary receivership, by the American government, as in recent months we have been forced to seize banks and corporations devastated by economic crisis, such as General Motors, AIG, and certain financial institutions.“BP’s American management will be placed under public authority and will be instructed to terminate the oil emergency as rapidly as possible and in disregard of whatever costs must be incurred by the company. This effort will be conducted by BP through its own best efforts, closely supervised by officers of the United States Coast Guard and Navy, the Energy and Treasury Departments of our government, and will be accompanied by an investigation by the Justice Department and its executive agencies, including the FBI, for any possible evidence of fraud, malfeasance or profiteering, contributing to this disaster. None of these agencies of government will incur any responsibility whatever for the decisions and actions of BP while conducting its operations to terminate the oil blowout.“In no circumstances will company, proprietary, or stockholder interest be given priority over measures to terminate this emergency and to safeguard the assets or interests of the United States public or government. No funds of this company shall be expended on political lobbying intended to influence Congress or the executive agencies of federal government until this emergency has formally been determined to have been ended.“Clearly, losses to British pension funds and other British shareholders of BP should be of concern to the British government. However those individuals and institutions investing in companies with notoriously controversial histories assume the accompanying risks.“The Oil Pollution Act signed into law in 1990 greatly expanded the US government’s ability and resources necessary to respond to oil spills; and it does not preempt state action to impose additional liability, which may be unlimited, with penalties and damages in addition to federal liabilities that may extend to prison sentences.“I am instructing that all BP assets within the United States, or in its surrounding waters, including funds immediately at its disposal, and all other BP funds accessible to the United States government, be temporarily seized and sequestered so as to prevent the transfer of any funds or assets of this company outside United States jurisdiction and access. The disposition of those assets will eventually be determined by the courts or by a new independent federal agency, with priority given to the reimbursement of persons and property-holders victimized by this catastrophe, and the redressment of damage or destruction to public assets and municipal, state, and national interests for which the former British Petroleum corporation is deemed by the courts, or by the independent agency, to have been responsible.” This is what the American people wanted to hear. President Obama wishes to be seen as decisive and a leader? Here was his opportunity. He wants a Democratic Congress elected in the fall? And a second presidential term for himself? This could have made a decisive contribution to those ambitions, as well as assuring necessary help to millions of people and repairing grave damage to the environment.He then could have concluded his speech by saying to his political opponents that any Republican or Democrat who wishes to run for office in November as an opponent of these Obama administration crisis measures—and as a defender of BP corporate and stockholder interests, or its customary executive remuneration and financial practices—as against the national interest of the United States and redress of the damage that continues at this moment to be done to the United States and its citizens, would be more than welcome to do so.—June 16, 2010
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2009/04/12
| 阅读: 1269
绿色电子产品排行榜显示了对全球各大手机和个人电脑制造商的环保指数排名。
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2010/01/18
| 阅读: 1245
低碳乡建,就是要正视工业化、城市化的弊端,改变高能耗、高投入、低福利、单一化的乡村发展模式,按低能耗、低成本、高福利、多元化的思路和原则来建设乡村,建构健康农业、环保农村、合作农民的“新三农”发展取向。农民通过合作自助,可以形成低碳乡建的有效主体;城乡互动互助,是低碳乡建得以实现的必要条件。在这方面的试验中,农民已承担起应有的成本;而国家、社会做得还远远不够。
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2008/09/24
| 阅读: 1238
中国对环保的重视始于1978年,小平同志首先提出中国应制定环境保护法;1982年,中国将“国家保护和改善生活环境和生态环境,防治污染和其它公害”写入了《宪法》;1984年,中央将环保提到了“基本国策”的地位;1994年,中国确立“可持续发展战略”;1997年,《刑法》增加了“破坏环境资源保护罪”;2003年,中央提出以人为本,全面、协调、可持续的科学发展观,提出城乡、区域、经济社会、人与自然和谐、国内发展和对外开放五个统筹发展,环保越来越占有重要的战略地位。
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2009/07/13
| 阅读: 1232
光伏产业,危机复兴的突破口?国家新竞争的制高点?一场围绕光伏产业的国际竞争已经展开。以光伏产业为核心打造“新能源大国”,是一个可能使中国经济一举摆脱“世界血汗打工仔”地位的最佳切入点。以国家意志、国家力量主导光伏产业的发展,是最容易汇集全民共识、最具缓解阶层利益对立的方案,可得“四两拨千斤”之效。
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2007/02/05
| 阅读: 1230
环保总局怎样才能有效保证环保政策的施行?怎样才能使禁令不在地方上成为一纸空文?
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2011/07/20
| 阅读: 1224
近日绿色和平发表最新报告《时尚之毒——全球服装品牌的中国水污染调查》,报告指出,耐克、阿迪达斯、李宁等多家国际国内知名服装品牌在中国的两家供应商排放的工业废水中,含有能够干扰内分泌并影响生殖系统的环境激素类物质。之后,各家企业都针对这一报告给出的结论都作出了声明与回应。
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2010/11/14
| 阅读: 1207
然节能灯与普通白炽灯相比优势十分明显,但含汞是无可否认的事实。为此,在照明行业业内有一个标准,每只节能灯的含汞量必须控制在5毫克以下,目前一只普通节能灯实际含汞量平均约0.5毫克,少数品牌产品可达0.25毫克左右,当1毫克汞渗入地下,可造成大约360吨水受污染
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2009/03/28
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大型水坝是人类工业文明的标志。经过近百年的发展,多数发达国家已经进入后大坝时代,对筑坝的生态环境和社会负面影响进行深刻反思,在此背景下国际反坝运动蓬勃发展。本文考察了国际反坝运动的发展过程,剖析了其局限性和合理性及其对发达国家和发展中国家不同的含义,并提出我国在水坝和水电发展政策及决策机制方面进行调整的思路。
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