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  1. 曲士培:杜威在中国的访问讲学
    历史 2009/05/05 | 阅读: 1270
    1919年4月30日,杜威应中国五所学术机构的联合邀请,由日本乘船抵达上海,开始了在中国的访问和讲学活动。过了三天,五四运动爆发了。
  2. 李昌平:越南的土地“私有化”实践
    社会 2008/10/12 | 阅读: 1268
    在我看来,土地所有制无论是国有制、农民集体所有制、还是私有制,都是形式上的,没有绝对的好坏之分。土地制度的核心,是谁占有地租和土地资本化收益。
  3. William Pfaff: What Obama Should Have Said to BP
    环保 2010/07/07 | 阅读: 1268
    Barack Obama’s demand, in his June 15 speech, that the former British Petroleum Company create an escrow account, to guarantee the funds that will be needed to deal with the consequences of the continuing catastrophe in the Gulf of Mexico, should have been made weeks ago, and should surely have been framed more strongly than it was.The President, in this matter, continues to demonstrate the quality, laudable in itself, but in politics extraordinarily dangerous, of assuming that those he is dealing with are as reasonable and well-intentioned as he is himself. In fact they are often driven by ruthlessly self-interested motives that leave him in a position of seeming weakness and unwillingness to defend not only national but his own political interests.At the end of May one saw the President on international television walking on a Louisiana beach, accompanied—off-scene—by hundreds if not thousands of newsmen, broadcasters, and cameramen. He seemed abject. He bent over and picked up a handful of sand and let it run through his fingers. He shook his head in concern. A cutaway showed his speeches earlier in this affair declaring that his administration is in charge of the great effort to save America’s coast and waters from the terrible pollution that is spreading as a result of a volcano of oil erupting from the sea’s floor and meeting the sickly-colored, toxic chemicals being mixed into the water that are meant to disperse it.In his June 15 speech, Mr. Obama finally insisted that BP would pay for all the damage and cleanup and would be held responsible for any illegalities; and the next day at the White House BP agreed to an independently administered $20 billion escrow fund, while the full costs to the Gulf region are far from clear.In the press conferences given by the President and the BP chairman that followed the meeting it was clear that the American government still does not control this situation. BP alone will determine what is done with respect to the oil geyser and its promised closure. While it will make available the $20 billion compensation fund, the timing, terms, and ultimate worth of BP’s assurances of compensation and reparation remain open to interpretation and change.Advertisement How can the President possibly say that his administration has “been in charge”? BP has been in charge from the start—it and its contract companies, all of them desperately trying to plug the hole in the bottom of the sea, and all defending corporate and fiscal interests of their own. The President’s associates and advisers have apparently decided that the agencies of the United States government are technically incompetent to give instructions to BP, which seems improbable. But they certainly can and must tell BP what priorities must be set, and they must establish goals to be met, and on what timescale.BP’s lawyers and lobbyists have just as desperately been striving to allow BP to unload responsibility upon anyone or everyone else, including incompetent or irresponsible or compromised federal regulators. Allow me, in the style of the metropolitan columnists who influence Washington, to draft what the President might have said in his June 15 speech:“My friends:“The American nation has suffered a grievous blow from the catastrophe produced in the Gulf by what formerly was known as the British Petroleum Company. This is the latest in a series of major accidents produced in this company’s American operations, causing loss of lives among its workers, unforgivable human suffering by private citizens, and great damage to private and public interests, continuing today in the Gulf.“I have therefore today given orders that the American functions of this company be provisionally seized, or placed in temporary receivership, by the American government, as in recent months we have been forced to seize banks and corporations devastated by economic crisis, such as General Motors, AIG, and certain financial institutions.“BP’s American management will be placed under public authority and will be instructed to terminate the oil emergency as rapidly as possible and in disregard of whatever costs must be incurred by the company. This effort will be conducted by BP through its own best efforts, closely supervised by officers of the United States Coast Guard and Navy, the Energy and Treasury Departments of our government, and will be accompanied by an investigation by the Justice Department and its executive agencies, including the FBI, for any possible evidence of fraud, malfeasance or profiteering, contributing to this disaster. None of these agencies of government will incur any responsibility whatever for the decisions and actions of BP while conducting its operations to terminate the oil blowout.“In no circumstances will company, proprietary, or stockholder interest be given priority over measures to terminate this emergency and to safeguard the assets or interests of the United States public or government. No funds of this company shall be expended on political lobbying intended to influence Congress or the executive agencies of federal government until this emergency has formally been determined to have been ended.“Clearly, losses to British pension funds and other British shareholders of BP should be of concern to the British government. However those individuals and institutions investing in companies with notoriously controversial histories assume the accompanying risks.“The Oil Pollution Act signed into law in 1990 greatly expanded the US government’s ability and resources necessary to respond to oil spills; and it does not preempt state action to impose additional liability, which may be unlimited, with penalties and damages in addition to federal liabilities that may extend to prison sentences.“I am instructing that all BP assets within the United States, or in its surrounding waters, including funds immediately at its disposal, and all other BP funds accessible to the United States government, be temporarily seized and sequestered so as to prevent the transfer of any funds or assets of this company outside United States jurisdiction and access. The disposition of those assets will eventually be determined by the courts or by a new independent federal agency, with priority given to the reimbursement of persons and property-holders victimized by this catastrophe, and the redressment of damage or destruction to public assets and municipal, state, and national interests for which the former British Petroleum corporation is deemed by the courts, or by the independent agency, to have been responsible.” This is what the American people wanted to hear. President Obama wishes to be seen as decisive and a leader? Here was his opportunity. He wants a Democratic Congress elected in the fall? And a second presidential term for himself? This could have made a decisive contribution to those ambitions, as well as assuring necessary help to millions of people and repairing grave damage to the environment.He then could have concluded his speech by saying to his political opponents that any Republican or Democrat who wishes to run for office in November as an opponent of these Obama administration crisis measures—and as a defender of BP corporate and stockholder interests, or its customary executive remuneration and financial practices—as against the national interest of the United States and redress of the damage that continues at this moment to be done to the United States and its citizens, would be more than welcome to do so.—June 16, 2010
  4. 岛村辉:右翼教科书为何会被横滨市采用?
    历史 2011/08/27 | 阅读: 1268
    8月4日,横滨市教育委员会决定采用育鹏社出版的《公民》、《历史》两种教科书,这是一个严重的事件。育鹏社教科书的编写者,是"新历史教科书编撰会"成员,此次决定采用的课本,属于"新历史教科书"系列,其宣扬美化大东亚战争的观点被很多进步市民团体抵制,却在日本的国际都市横滨获得采用,这令人深思。出现这种现象的原因是什么?
  5. 《诗书画》编辑部:"书非书"与当代艺术生活--2015杭州国际书法艺术节暨"书非书"文献展学术会议录要
    艺术 2015/12/13 | 阅读: 1268
    2015年5月8〜9日2015杭州国际书法艺术节暨"第三届书非书暨文献展"学术会议于中国美术学院美术馆召开,就书法与“书非书”的概念展开激烈讨论。本纪要由《诗书画》编辑部提供。
  6. 赵晔琴:农民工:日常生活中的身份建构与空间型构
    社会 2008/12/02 | 阅读: 1266
    本研究从“社会建构”概念入手,以上海某棚户区中的外来民工为对象,探讨他们进入城市后的身份建构机制。
  7. 绿色和平:绿色电子产品排行榜
    环保 2009/04/12 | 阅读: 1266
    绿色电子产品排行榜显示了对全球各大手机和个人电脑制造商的环保指数排名。
  8. 崔之元:美欧危机走势:国有化和利益相关者
    经济 2008/10/12 | 阅读: 1265
    在美欧应对危机的政策上,最重要的新发展是大规模的银行国有化已正式启动,因为以国家参股的形式救市不仅比用纳税人的钱来买坏帐挽救华尔街更有效,而且对公众也更公平。在对危机的理论反思上,最深刻的是对“股东至上”公司治理模式的批判,重新认识利益相关者模式的积极意义。
  9. 林贤治:回首看萧红
    文学 2009/02/08 | 阅读: 1265
    萧红的文学,在整个中国现代文学场域中,无疑是弱势文学。她既倾情歌哭社会底层的群体命运,却又执意暴露其中的黑暗和愚昧;而且,她是那般恣意地表现自我的个性、思想和情感,而所有这些,又不是属于廊庙、山林、经院、书斋、闺阁,而是属于荒野的、泥土的。
  10. 《第三帝国的上流社会》书评
    书评 2009/04/07 | 阅读: 1265
    最近《伦敦书评》发表的一篇关于希特勒与德国上流社会关系的书评文章,以往人们只从社会政治和军事角度理解纳粹社会,但《第三帝国的上流社会》则分析了纳粹等级社会中的炫耀性豪华消费、名人聚会等等现象。
  11. 樊纲、胡永泰:“循序渐进”还是“平行推进”?
    经济 2009/09/20 | 阅读: 1265
    本文认为目前在改革理论和政策研讨中颇为流行的“循序渐进”概念并不能确切地说明体制转轨过程中的各种问题,因为各种体制之间是相互依存、相互制约的,不可能改好了一个再改下一个,否则会出现体制“不协调成本”。文章提出了“平行推进”的概念,作为改革政策制定的基本思路,它可以说明为什么在体制转轨过程中,某些体制的改革“超前”和“滞后”(瓶颈) ,都是无效率的。在所有领域(包括政治体制和社会政策)都同时积极推进改革,同时考虑各种体制之间在转轨过程当中(也就是在没有彻底完成改革之前) 的相互协调,应是体制改革的基本政策方法。
  12. 任文京:陆时雍《诗镜》及其价值
    文学 2012/04/13 | 阅读: 1263
    明末学者陆时雍的《诗镜》是一部规模宏大的古代诗歌选本,分为《古诗镜》和《唐诗镜》,共计九十卷。《四库全书总目》评之曰:"采摭精审,评释详核,凡运会升降,一一可见其源流,在明末诸选之中,固不可不谓之善本矣。"《诗镜》的点校出版,为古代文学研究者利用本书提供了极大便利,对中国文学批评史的研究亦大有裨益。    陆时雍倡导"神韵说",并以此标准选评诗歌,主要包括三个方面:其一,强调自然天成,反对模拟雕琢。他推崇陶渊明和谢灵运,认为陶诗"似月到柳梢,风来水面,自然之妙,难以力与",谢诗"人巧尽后,宛若天工"。其二,倡导主情而反对主意,认为情乃神韵之基础,舍情而谈神韵,往往适得其反。其三,主张含蓄蕴藉,余韵悠长,强调诗歌表达情感不应直露,要给读者留下回味的空间。其"神韵说",是明代诗歌理论发展过程中各种观点激烈碰撞之后,由陆时雍综合各家优长而提出的一种新的诗学思想,具有鲜明的时代特色。虽然陆时雍欲针砭流俗,不免于惩羹吹齑,但总体来看,陆时雍通过《诗镜》把"神韵说"向前大大推进了一步,对清代王士禛创立"神韵派"产生了深远的影响。    陆时雍强调"神韵说",目的是反拨前后七子的"诗必盛唐"说。前后七子尊崇盛唐,开复古之风,以模拟剽窃为能,生吞活剥,几近僵化。其后公安派以"性灵说"反对模拟蹈袭,却又讲究浅俗率易;竟陵派反拟古,又流于冷僻苦涩,故至明末"诗必盛唐"影响犹存。在陆时雍看来,"诗必盛唐"说的理论基础是"格调",将结构、修辞等看成固定不变的外在法式,如鹦鹉学舌。他认为,神韵不是具体的章法技巧,因而无法模拟,这就击中了"诗必盛唐"说的要害。    《古诗镜》和《唐诗镜》虽为两部分,但从贯穿的主旨来看是不可分的。陆时雍在评点中往往将六朝诗歌与唐诗联系比较,既肯定六朝优长,也批评唐人不足,对李白、杜甫的批评,更是一针见血,如批评李白"不足处,皆在于率,率则意味遂浅",杜甫诗歌之病"在于好奇,作意好奇,则于天然之致远矣","老杜诗必穷工极苦,使无余境乃已",而这正是导致诗歌远离神韵的原因。李杜诗歌尚有如此不足,后人再亦步亦趋,实为舍本逐末。由此批评七子的"诗必盛唐"说,就有很强的说服力。    整理《诗镜》,还对校正某些版本的文字讹误有一定帮助,如中华书局版《历代诗话续编》收录陆时雍的《诗镜总论》,比较《诗镜》中的《总论》,前者的错讹一目了然,如前者《诗镜总论》"隋素而唐丽,素而质"一句,不知所云,而《诗镜·总论》为"隋素而丽,唐素而质",疑问涣然冰释。又如前者《诗镜总论》"妖怪感人,藏其本相",令人费解,《总论》为"妖怪惑人,藏其本相",乃知前者"感"当为"惑"。其他如"贪肉者"应为"食肉者",引杜诗"自锄稀莱甲"应为"自锄稀菜甲",不一而足。一手材料之重要,于此可见一斑。    《诗镜》 (明)陆时雍 著    任文京 赵东岚 点校 河北大学出版社
  13. 崔永元:小崔会客:重庆市常务副市长黄奇帆
    社会 2009/03/05 | 阅读: 1262
    两会特别节目《小崔会客》会谈重庆市常务副市长黄奇帆。
  14. 杨松林:城乡分离化、合作化是唯一出路--读袁纯清书记给全省干部的信有感
    经济 2011/08/30 | 阅读: 1262
    从日本、台湾地区经验看,扩大农民兼营不是仅仅依靠每个驻村干部利用自己的资源和能力,或者自由市场能解决的,而是靠国家或者地区制定有效的金融政策、产业政策促进和实现的。整个九十年代至今为什么中国农民兼营收入份额没有增长反而下降?
  15. 徐杰、方迎定:百度换新衣--凤巢取代竞价排名前景不明
    科技 2009/11/11 | 阅读: 1258
    再有三个星期,搜索巨头百度到底是“从良”还是“换马甲”将最终揭晓。2009年12月1日起,“凤巢”将作为百度唯一的搜索推广产品,全面管理搜索推广的所有推广位置。这就意味着,曾因央视曝光而引发各方质疑的竞价排名系统最起码将从“形式上”退出历史舞台。百度搜索引擎的公正性曾遭广泛质疑。至今,百度的用户仍无法明确辨析搜索结果是否来自付费广告主,甚至于一不小心,他们会因百度上的假广告而上当受骗。这一次,百度似乎拿出了“从良”的决心与勇气。百度员工称,“凤巢”启用后,百度的搜索页面将出现明显变化,早先备受诟病的广告和搜索结果不分的状况有可能不复存在。不过,按照百度部分营销员工的说法,这种改变只是对竞价排名的升级,形式大过内容。“竞价”末路11月3日,北京市海淀区人民法院,百度再次站到了被告席上。此案缘起深圳律师黄维领怀疑百度“竞价排名”的点击量有“水分”、涉嫌欺诈。在要求百度提供具体消费明细被拒后提起了诉讼。该案从去年8月份开始到现在已历时一年多。当日的庭审从下午一点半一直持续到5点半。按照百度的要求,法院没有公开审理,但没有说明 “不公开审理”的原因。黄维领表示,从2005年9月起他购买了百度的“竞价排名”广告服务。到了2007年,其发现尽管消费金额越来越高,但广告效果却直线下降。感觉有些蹊跷的黄维领于是购买了一套“防恶意点击软件”,其统计结果让黄维领大吃一惊。黄维领称,以2008年6月23日为例,百度的消费记录显示“深圳市律师”一词被点击了14次,但是“防恶意点击软件”显示根本没有“深圳市律师”一词被点击的记录。“我的诉求其实很简单,既然百度说没有点击欺诈,那就拿出数据来。”黄维领称。尽管庭审长达4个小时,但百度的代理律师却一直以“第三方统计软件无效,相关统计必须以百度为准”,“点击详情涉及百度机密无法公布”为由,不肯透露黄维领所设关键字的具体消费细节。由于黄维领不同意调解,主审法官表示,将研究案情后进行判决。这并不是百度第一次被告上法庭。这其中影响最大的要数2009年4月,河北唐山市人人信息服务有限公司状告“百度垄断案”。这家公司称,从2008年4月份开始,公司降低在百度的竞价排名价格,没过多长时间,就遭到百度的处罚,使公司开办的网站在2008年7月10日的日访问量骤减。查询谷歌和百度对公司网站的收录情况,结果显示谷歌收录其网站6690页,而百度收录其网站仅有4页。这一系列官司的根源直指百度赖以发家致富的“竞价排名”。竞价排名是百度最重要的产品,在“凤巢”之前,几乎是其收入的全部,百度也正是依靠竞价排名才得以上市。百度推崇的竞价排名,是以“人为干预”提升关键词关联网站排名为目的的商业推广手段,出价越高,搜索排名越靠前。这样的业务模式让百度迅速壮大。只是这种模式问题重重。去年年底,中央电视台连续报道百度的竞价排名黑幕,百度竞价排名被指为“勒索营销”,并引发了公众对其信息公平性与商业道德的质疑。而此间,全国各地起诉百度“人工干涉搜索结果”、“点击欺诈”的官司源源不断。不得已,百度紧急推出“凤巢”系统,并于今年4月开始试用。“凤巢”出山“凤巢”将全面启用的消息始于10月27日。当日上午,百度召开2009财年第三季度财报电话会议。电话一端是百度的核心高管团队,包括CEO李彦宏、CFO李昕?、COO叶朋以及商业运营副总裁沈皓瑜等,而电话的另一端则是华尔街的分析师们。会议上,在被问及为何突然决定全面推出“凤巢”时,沈皓瑜表示,一是六个月前推出的“凤巢”,关键的商业化措施按照计划进行,采用凤巢的用户在不断增多,CPC(每次点击成本)也在稳步增长;二是同时运行两个系统对百度的客户和团队都造成了压力,一旦全面切换到凤巢,就可以集中资源,也有助于算法系统的更快改进。不过,当JP摩根分析师韦迪问到凤巢的广告会显示在页面什么位置时,沈皓瑜只是笼统地表示凤巢广告将接管百度搜索结果页的所有广告。对于如此核心的问题,百度内部人士说,大致方向已经确定,左侧的第一页会显示竞价排名的前三名,右侧是按竞价排名的前1至10名,进行轮显。这种说法也得到了百度营销部门的确认。稍有不同的是,百度武汉分公司的一名工作人员在电话中告诉记者,“凤巢”系统启用后,大部分推广位置都将放到页面的右侧,左边同样有广告,但具体展现机制没有明确。在百度内部,“凤巢”并不是一个通行的名字。百度石家庄分公司一工作人员称,即将启用的系统名字并不叫“凤巢”,而是百度搜索推广专业版,此前应用多年的竞价排名系统,百度称为搜索推广经典版。百度北京分公司一员工还表示,相比竞价排名,“凤巢”为企业客户提供了更多可管理的推广位置、更多可推广关键词的选择空间,另外还可以提供更为详尽的统计报告和相关数据报告。易观国际分析师李智表示,改版后的百度“凤巢”,把广告搜索结果和自然搜索结果做了区分,其功能类似于谷歌的ADWords,后者已在国内运营多年。而一直以来,谷歌坚持将其放在右侧以示区别,并将广告数量限制在三条链接以内,全部用阴影标注,并加上“赞助商链接”的标志。路在何方宣布凤巢全面启用当天,百度第三季度财报随即出炉。季报显示:净利润同比大增41.7%,但华尔街却用股价告诉百度,他们并不买账。百度纳斯达克股价由每股433美元左右,一日跌至每股371美元左右。百度竞价排名系统持续八年畅销,自百度上市以来,营收更是创下了持续13个季度翻番,而这种模式一旦改变,百度的业绩将变得不确定。即使在百度内部,也意识到了系统切换将会带来一定的阵痛。沈皓瑜表示,由于切换凤巢,与三季度相比,四季度的营收会被拉低约10%。但这并不是问题的全部。在百度大张旗鼓地更换系统之际质疑之声不断:凤巢被认为并未解决人工干预搜索结果、虚假点击等一系列问题。李智也表示,本质上,凤巢和竞价排名没有区别,其商业模式还是点击产生付费,不管是用什么广告系统,都会依然存在点击欺诈、垄断等问题。这种说法得到了百度营销部门的佐证。百度北京分公司一业务员告诉记者,凤巢是竞价的升级,是为了照顾网民的搜索体验,在表面上将显示的位置改变而已。百度石家庄的一名工作人员告还诉记者:石家庄这边开户是5600元,点击一次多少钱依搜索词价位不同不一样。例如,美容这个关键词,全国第一名价格是“玫瑰专业美容”,价格是47.84元。而“石家庄美容”,目前这个关键词没有人买,最低价0.66元。“广告内容你可以自己写,用Photoshop做假证明的话也不会有人查,现在一些医院都做假证的,我们可以帮着做的。”该工作人员更是称。到目前为止,对于以“医院”这样的关键词在百度上进行搜索,获得的结果依然不脱 “人流”、“妇科”“男科”等等专科医院。另外,随着百度广告位置“谷歌化”的右移,原先的优势是否能延续一切还未知。就连沈皓瑜也坦承,结果页右侧栏广告收入在总收入中所占比例仍比较小,而且这种情形将持续一段时间。
  16. 石守谦:中国绘画史研究中的一些陷阱
    艺术 2009/04/08 | 阅读: 1257
    网络版,错字多,阅读时注意。
  17. 应对国际金融危机调研报告——当前中国城乡家庭消费状况
    社会 2009/03/31 | 阅读: 1256
    中国社科院社会学研究所于2008年5月至9月,采用分层多阶段抽样方式,开展了第二次“中国社会状况综合调查”,覆盖全国28个省市区的134个县(市、区)、251个乡(镇、街道)和523个村(居委会),共成功入户访问了7139位年龄在18-69岁的居民,内容涉及收入、消费、就业、教育、医疗、社会保障等诸多方面。本文依据此次调查数据,以城乡家庭消费为主题,分析当前我国城乡家庭消费水平、消费结构和消费特征,并对促进国内家庭消费和扩大内需提出相应的对策和建议。
  18. 梅新育:警惕征地拆迁补偿过高
    社会 2013/02/04 | 阅读: 1256
    2011年初,中国汽车流通协会调查发现,2010年北京销售的8万辆进口车中一半卖给了北京和各地拆迁户,特别是北京拆迁户。当时调查人员在扩建后的北京南苑机场附近发现,机场周边村庄豪华车数量众多,密度特大,进而发现那一带拆迁户拿到两三千万元补偿司空见惯。
  19. 理查德·罗蒂:民主和自由象阿司匹林
    思想 2009/09/18 | 阅读: 1255
    这是2004年7月罗蒂访华期间《东方早报》记者阳敏与他的访谈。
  20. 林怀民: 光影间的流浪者 by 谭旭峰
    艺术 2011/06/10 | 阅读: 1254
    “有人可以把票当作一个生活的工具来赚钱, 天经地义。你也可以从跳舞,换得的名声去做更有名更有钱的事情,可对我来讲不是,一开始就很清楚的。”
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