<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- generator="ARTICLE @ XOOPS powered by FeedCreator" -->
<rdf:RDF
    xmlns="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/"
    xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
    xmlns:slash="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/slash/"
    xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/">
    <channel rdf:about="http://wen.org.cn//modules/article/xml.php/rdf/3279/c13">
        <title>人文与社会 :: 文章</title>
        <description>文章XML</description>
        <link>http://wen.org.cn/modules/article/view.article.php/3279/c13</link>
        <image rdf:resource="http://wen.org.cn/templates/20111029default/logo2.gif" />
       <dc:date>2026-04-06T09:54:01+16:00</dc:date>
        <items>
            <rdf:Seq>
                <rdf:li rdf:resource="http://wen.org.cn/modules/article/view.article.php/3279/c13"/>
            </rdf:Seq>
        </items>
    </channel>
    <image rdf:about="http://wen.org.cn/templates/20111029default/logo2.gif">
        <title>人文与社会 :: 文章</title>
        <link>http://wen.org.cn/modules/article/</link>
        <url>http://wen.org.cn/templates/20111029default/logo2.gif</url>
    </image>
    <item rdf:about="http://wen.org.cn/modules/article/view.article.php/3279/c13">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2012-05-06T13:03:07+16:00</dc:date>
        <dc:source>http://wen.org.cn/modules/article/</dc:source>
        <dc:creator>Pollini</dc:creator>
        <title>阿尔都塞：论布莱希特和马克思（1968）</title>
        <link>http://wen.org.cn/modules/article/view.article.php/3279/c13</link>
        <description>学科: 戏剧&lt;br /&gt;来源: (《文艺理论与批评》2011年第6期)&lt;br /&gt;关键词: 阿尔都塞，布莱希特，马克思，列宁，戏剧&lt;br /&gt;摘要: 问题不在于把哲学和科学、哲学和政治、戏剧和科学、戏剧和政治等同起来。而是必须在哲学中，如同在戏剧中，占据一个代表政治的位置。要想知道这个在哲学中和在戏剧中的政治的位置在哪里，就必须知道哲学和戏剧如何发挥功能，以及政治 (和科学)如何在其中被代表。&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 21.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;我为在小剧院和小剧院之友面前发言而深感惭愧，①因为我对于一切戏剧问题都极其无知。我在哲学以及政治方面略有所知。我懂一点马克思和列宁。仅此而已。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 21.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;至于戏剧呢，我所有能说的，就是我非常喜欢小剧院的演出。可惜我只看过《我们的米兰》、《乔嘉人的争吵》②和《阿莱基诺》。但这三部剧作给我留下了深刻的印象。《我们的米兰》在我的哲学研究中扮演了重要的角色。③在观看《我们的米兰》时，我更进一步地理解了马克思思想中某些重要的东西。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 21.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;我还要补充说，我也了解布莱希特论戏剧的理论文献。前几天我刚刚读过这些文章。对于一个马克思主义哲学家来说，它们完全是震撼性的。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 21.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;你们看：我跟戏剧的关系主要是哲学的和政治的关系。当然了，我跟我看过的几部剧作之间还有一种观看者的直接关系。但我的经验实在太少了。诸位需要了解这一点，以便纠正我会对诸位说的那些话。毕竟，我是从外部，作为哲学家和政治人、作为马克思主义哲学家来谈论戏剧的。因此我同时向诸位要求一种极大的严格和一种极大的宽容。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 21.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;如果说，我只是一个哲学家，却还能有胆量谈论戏剧的话，那是因为我感觉到懂戏剧的布莱希特给了我这样做的许可。布莱希特终其一生都在不断地把戏剧和哲学直接联系起来。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 21.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;1929&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;年，他写道&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;戏剧的未来在于哲学&amp;rdquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;《最后阶段：〈俄狄浦斯〉》&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;1953&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;年，也就是二十四年后，他重提了同样的论点，并竭力加以论证&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt; (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;《一次社会主义的谈话》，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;1953&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;年&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;月&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;日&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 21.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;他又写道：我的戏剧&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;&amp;hellip;&amp;hellip;是一种哲学的戏剧&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;就这个概念的朴素的意义而言。我想说，它感兴趣的是人们的行为和意见&amp;hellip;&amp;hellip;为了给自己辩护，我也许可以举出爱因斯坦给物理学家英费尔德讲述的那个例子&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;说真的，从最初的幼年时代起，他就只是在思考两个人：一个追在光线后面奔跑的人，和另一个关在自由下落的电梯里的人。然而我们都知道从这种思考中产生了什么复杂的东西。我想要应用于戏剧的原则，就是不应该满足于解释世界&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;还应该改造世界。由这种意志&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt; (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;这种我自己慢慢意识到的意志&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;而引起的那些变化始终是&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;无论它们看上去重要与否&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;在戏剧表演内部产生的变化&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt; ;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;换言之：大多数古老的规则自然保持不变。而我的全部错误就在于这个小小的&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;自然&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;rdquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;。也就是说，我从没有谈论过这些古老的、延续不变的规则，而许多人在读过我对演员的指示和关于我的剧作的&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;意见&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;rdquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;之后，以为我准备连这些规则也要把它们废除掉。希望我的批评家们首先是像普通的观看者那样来看我创作的戏剧，而不是一上来就关心我的理论，他们看到的完全只是戏剧，一种我所希望的充满幻想、幽默和观念的戏剧。正是在对这种戏剧产生的效果进行分析时，他们被那些新颖的东西所打动，随后他们便可以在我的理论宣言中找到相关的说明。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 21.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;请允许我，完全以哲学家的方式，来总结这段重要文本的要点。布莱希特直接或间接地陈述了一定数量的、明确的论点。我将重复这些论点，同时非常概括地加以说明。以下就是布莱希特告诉我们的东西&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;1、&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;戏剧存在着。这是一个历史和文化的事实。这是一个事实。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;2、&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;我不打算废除这些古老的规则。这是想说：我不打算废除戏剧。因为这些古老的规则正是使戏剧成为戏剧的东西。这个论点非常重要。它意味着，戏剧不是生活，戏剧不是科学，戏剧不是直截了当的政治宣传或骚动。这不是想说布莱希特不承认生活、科学和政治的重要性&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;相反，他认为这些现实对戏剧来说是至关重要的，没有人比他更有力地说出了这一点。但这是想说，在布莱希特看来，戏剧应当止于戏剧，也就是说，止于一门艺术。当他宣称：去看我的戏，你们看到的将&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;只是戏剧，一种我所希望的充满幻想、幽默和观念的戏剧&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;rdquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;，这时我们便可以清楚地看到这一点。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;3、&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;我满足于给戏剧内部，给戏剧的&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;表演&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;rdquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;内部，带来一些变化，以便生产某些新的效果。必须在两种意义上理解&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;表演&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;rdquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;。首先是在戏剧表演的传统意义上&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt; (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;戏剧是一种表演：那些［演员］④表演&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt; ;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;戏剧是现实的一种虚构的再现&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt; ( repr&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;&amp;eacute;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;sentation)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;。⑤表演不是生活，不是现实。戏剧舞台上再现的东西，不是生活的化身，科学的化身，政治的化身。它之所以被再现［&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;est repr&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;&amp;eacute;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;sent&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;&amp;eacute;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;］，是因为它不在场［&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;n&amp;rsquo;est pas pr&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;&amp;eacute;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;sente&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;］&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;。但也必须在第二种意义上理解&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;表演&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;rdquo;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;因为戏剧使这种&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;作用&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;rdquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;⑥成为可能&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt; (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;就在门、铰链、机构内部存在这种&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;作用&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;rdquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;的意义而言&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt; )&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;。这是想说，戏剧也是这样，它包含着某种位置、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;作用&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;rdquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;，才能给它带来上述变化。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;4、&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;我给戏剧带来的这些变化，从属于我的哲学意志。这种哲学可以用马克思在著名的费尔巴哈提纲第十一条当中的语句来概括&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;哲学家们总是解释世界，问题在于改造世界。引导布莱希特，使他给戏剧的&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;表演&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;rdquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;带来变化的那种哲学，是马克思主义的哲学。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 21.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;不过确切地说，无比深刻地打动我的，是布莱希特在戏剧中的革命和马克思在哲学中的革命这两者之间的某种平行关系。人们会说，布莱希特不是一个哲学家，而哲学教授们也不打算在布莱希特那里去寻找哲学的教诲。为什么呢&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;？因为他没有写过哲学著作，他既没有制造哲学体系，也没有使用哲学的理论话语。布莱希特自己就说，他在哲学上是朴素的。哲学教授们错了。因为布莱希特很好地理解了马克思哲学革命的要义。他实践地理解了这一点，不是通过理论话语，而是通过我称之为他的戏剧实践的东西。布莱希特从没有说过戏剧实践，他总是谈论戏剧技术中的变化。因此他看起来只是在谈论技术。但是不存在光秃秃的技术：一种技术总是嵌入一种实践，它总是属于一种实践的技术。布莱希特在戏剧技术中的［这些］革命，应当理解为一场戏剧实践中的革命的后果。这在布莱希特的文本中是非常明显的：他对戏剧技术的那些改革总是与一种关于导演的整体观念相联系的，而后者本身，又是与一种关于主体的观念，一种关于舞台－观众、演员－观众关系的观念，一种关于戏剧－历史关系的观念，一种哲学观念相联系的。这些项的整体，使得布莱希特的技术改革应当被视为一场戏剧实践中的革命的后果。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 21.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;而这就是要点之所在。马克思的哲学革命在各方面都与布莱希特的戏剧革命相像：这是一场哲学实践中的革命。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 21.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;布莱希特没有废除戏剧。戏剧存在着&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt; ;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;它扮演了一个确定的角色。马克思没有废除哲学。哲学存在着，它扮演了一个确定的角色。布莱希特的所有剧作都没有制造一种新的戏剧，无论是一种反－戏剧，还是一种与以往所有戏剧相决裂的戏剧，比如说，废除了所有的保留剧目。同样，马克思和马克思主义者的所有作品也没有制造一种新的哲学，一种反－哲学，或一种与以往整个哲学传统相决裂的哲学。布莱希特按照戏剧现存的样式接受戏剧，并在戏剧现存的样式内部活动。同样，马克思按照哲学现存的样式接受哲学，并在哲学现存的样式内部活动。布莱希特的革命，在于实践戏剧的方式：他带来的新东西，是一种新的戏剧实践。同样，马克思在哲学中的革命，在于实践哲学的方式&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;他带来的新东西，是一种新的哲学实践，不是像葛兰西错误指出的那样是一种新的哲学，一种实践的哲学，而是一种新的哲学实践。我们可以用同样的方式确切地说：布莱希特的戏剧不是一种实践的戏剧，在他那里存在的新东西，是一种新的戏剧实践。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 21.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;还必须走得更远。是什么让马克思和布莱希特能够在哲学和戏剧中提出一种新的实践的呢&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;？是一种根本的条件&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;对哲学&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt; (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;对马克思来说&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt; )&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;和戏剧&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt; (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;对布莱希特来说&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt; )&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;的性质和机制的认识。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 21.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;这就是完全具有决定性的一点。至于这种对哲学和戏剧的性质和机制的认识，是否构成了大部头理论著作的对象，则是无关紧要的。这是可以期望的，但并不是绝对必需的。无论是哲学，还是戏剧，我们至今还没有一种令人满意的关于其性质和机制的理论。从这个观点看，马克思和列宁对关于哲学的性质和机制的理论是&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;朴素的&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;rdquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;，正如布莱希特对关于戏剧的性质和机制的理论是朴素的一样。随你怎么想，从那些&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;总是需要明确而完美的理论论著的&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;哲学教授的观点看，他们在理论上是朴素的。但在我们看来，重要的是新的事实、新的实践，即便这些革命性的事实和实践没有成为明确而完美的理论话语的对象。正是在马克思和列宁的哲学实践中，正是在布莱希特的戏剧实践中，我们可以发现他们对各自的对象&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;哲学或戏剧&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;的性质和机制的、多少有所明确的认识。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 21.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;如果我们考察这两种实践，我们可以得出一个对哲学和戏剧而言的共同的结论：非常明显的是，无论是马克思和列宁这方面，还是布莱希特那方面，他们都完全知道，因而理解，哲学和戏剧一方面与科学，另一方面与政治，有着深刻的关系。这就是第一点。但这还不够。为了让事情变得简单一些，我把与科学的关系搁在一边，只考虑与政治的关系。马克思和布莱希特以他们各自的方式理解了哲学和戏剧的特性在于与政治保持着一种被神秘化的关系。哲学和戏剧深刻地被政治所决定，但它们却竭尽全力地抹杀这种决定作用，否认这种决定作用，装出逃离政治的样子。在哲学的根基上，和在戏剧的根基上一样，总是政治在说话&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;但哲学或戏剧说话的结果，却是我们再也听不到一点政治的声音了。哲学和戏剧总是为了掩盖政治的声音说话。它们很好地做到了一点。我们甚至可以说，在绝大多数情况下，哲学和戏剧的功能，就在于压低政治的声音。它们只是由于政治才存在，同时，它们又是为了废除其存在所仰仗的这个政治而存在的。结果是众所周知的：哲学把时间都用来声称它不搞政治，它超然于阶级的政治冲突，它对所有人说话，它以人类的名义说话，无党无派，也就是说，不承认自己选择的政治党派。这就是马克思所说的哲学只是解释世界。实际上任何哲学都不只是解释世界：任何哲学在政治上都是主动的，但大多数哲学把时间都用来否认自己在政治上是主动的。它们说：我们在政治上无党无派，我们只是解释世界，只说事情是什么。这就是弗洛伊德所说的否拒&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt; ( d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;&amp;eacute;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;&amp;eacute;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;gation)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;。一旦有人来对您说：我不搞政治，那么您就可以确信他搞政治了。这和戏剧是一回事。布莱希特对这种搞着政治却又宣称自己不搞政治的戏剧直呼其名：这是夜间娱乐的戏剧，烹调术戏剧，单纯审美享受的戏剧。和可耻的戏剧一样，也有一种可耻的哲学。可耻的哲学得了思辨的病。可耻的戏剧得了唯美主义的病、戏剧性的病。在这两种情况下，我们都看到出现了一种名副其实的宗教、一种蛊惑、一种眩晕、一种催眠状态、一种纯享受。哲学成了消费和思辨享受的对象，戏剧则成了消费和审美享受的对象。哲学家们最终是为了消费和思辨享受而制造哲学，剧作家们，以及导演和演员们，则最终是为了消费和审美、烹调术之类的享受而制造戏剧。马克思那里批判了对世界的思辨－解释，布莱希特那里批判了戏剧或烹调术歌剧，二者无非是同一种批判。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 21.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;由此导致了在马克思和布莱希特那里的实践的革命。问题不在于制造一种新的哲学，或一种新的戏剧。问题在于在哲学内部建立一种新的实践，使得哲学不再是对世界的解释，即神秘化，而是有助于对世界的改造&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;问题在于在戏剧中建立一种新的实践，使得戏剧不再是神秘化，即烹调术娱乐，而是让它也有助于对世界的改造。这种新的实践的最初后果，就应该像这样建立在对哲学和戏剧的神秘化作用的破坏之上。不是废除哲学和戏剧，而是废除它们的神秘化作用。因此必须对事情直呼其名，对哲学直呼其名，对戏剧直呼其名，把哲学放回真正属于它的位置，也把戏剧放回真正属于它的位置，为的是把这种神秘化暴露为神秘化，同时也让人看到真正属于哲学和戏剧的功能。这一切当然是应该在哲学中、在戏剧中进行的。为了把哲学和戏剧放到真正属于它们的位置，就必须在哲学和戏剧的内部实现一种移置&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;( sposta&amp;shy;mento)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 21.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;在这一点上也一样，马克思和布莱希特的情况非常相似。正是必须在这个意义上理解布莱希特所说的&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;Verfremdungseffekt&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;，人们相当不错地把它翻译成法语的间离效果&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt; ( ef&amp;shy;fet de distanciation)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;，但我更愿意把它翻译成移置效果&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt; ( effet de d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;&amp;eacute;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;placement)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;，或错位效果&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt; ( effet de d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;&amp;eacute;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;calage)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 21.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;这种效果不应该仅仅理解为戏剧技术上的效果，而应该理解为戏剧实践上的革命的普遍后果&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt; ( effet)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;。问题不在于变换位置，对演员表演中的某些细微要素进行移置，问题在于这种移置关系到戏剧条件的整体。同样的规则对哲学也有效。因而问题在于移置的整体，它构成了那种新的实践。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 21.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;在所有这些移置中间，存在一种根本性的移置，它是其他所有移置的原因，同时也概括了其他所有的移置，这就是观点的移置。马克思和布莱希特的伟大教诲，就是必须对所有哲学和戏剧问题由以考虑的普遍观点进行移置。必须放弃对世界的思辨解释&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt; (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;哲学&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;或审美烹调术享受&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt; (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;戏剧&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt; )&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;的观点，必须自我移置，以便占据另一个位置，一个大致说来是政治的位置。我刚才说，在哲学中和在戏剧中，是政治在说话，但它的声音通常被掩盖了。必须把言语还给政治，因而必须对哲学的声音和戏剧的声音进行移置，以便人们听到的声音是从政治的位置上发出的声音。这就是列宁所说的哲学中的党派立场。在布莱希特那里，有一整套表达方式等于是说，必须占据一个戏剧中的党派立场。这里的党派立场，不应该理解为等同于政治中的党派立场的某种东西，因为哲学和戏剧&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt; (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;或艺术&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt; )&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;都不是政治。哲学是不同于科学的东西，是不同于政治的东西。戏剧也是不同于科学和政治的东西。因而问题不在于把哲学和科学、哲学和政治、戏剧和科学、戏剧和政治等同起来。而是必须在哲学中，如同在戏剧中，占据一个代表&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;( repr&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;&amp;eacute;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;sente) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;⑦政治的位置。而为了占据它，当然，就必须找到它。这并不容易，因为要想知道这个在哲学中和在戏剧中的政治的位置在哪里，就必须知道哲学和戏剧如何发挥功能，以及政治&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt; (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;和科学&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;如何在其中被代表。人们用肉眼是看不到这个在戏剧中的政治的位置的。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;这个位置，很可能是在历史中自我移置的，或者更确切地说，很可能政治在哲学和戏剧的历史中是要变换其代表的。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 21.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;一旦人们实现了这种根本性的移置，其他所有移置就都顺理成章了。在现实中，这一切是同时进行的。我是为了阐述的明晰起见，才做了这些区分。在现实中是没有这些区分的。布莱希特谈及的所有那些效果都是这种根本性移置的后果。我可以试着列举如下。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;1、&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;首先必须&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;相对于观看者头脑中存在的、关于戏剧的意识形态&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;对戏剧进行移置。为此，必须&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;让人看到&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;rdquo;( montrer)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;戏剧就是戏剧，仅仅是戏剧，而非生活。必须让人看到舞台就是舞台，它人为地搭在观看者面前，而不是大厅的延伸。必须让人看到在大厅和舞台之间有一段虚空，一段距离。必须让人看到这段距离就在舞台本身之上。由此才有了关于布景、照明、道具、服装、海报、标牌、歌曲等等的一整套技术改革。必须打破观看者&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt; ( les spectateurs)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;和场景&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt; ( le spectacle)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;之间的共谋关系，那是一种被神秘化的共谋关系。这里的问题在于一种物理的移置，它让人看到了戏剧和观看者不希望看到的事情&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;戏剧不是生活。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;2、&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;其次必须&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;相对于传统观念&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;对关于剧作的观念进行移置。这就是布莱希特在谈论&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;史诗体&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;rdquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;的时候思考的事情。这首先关系到导演的观念，当然还有写作剧本时的作者的观念。但导演的观念完全是决定性的。人们可以把一个好剧本演糟&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt; (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;例如&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;TNP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;［国立人民剧团］的《大胆妈妈》&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;，也可以把一个不太好的剧本演得很好&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt; (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;例如《我们的米兰》&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;。这种移置的本质在于对剧作去中心化，在于避免使剧作获得一种观众对生活、冲突、戏剧及其结局形成的自发表述的形式。我们可以在概括这种移置的同时，举出一个完全是象征性的例证，并且说明剧作所具有的中心不应该在自身之中，而应该在自身之外，或者说在剧作中不应该再有主角，⑧在剧作中不应该再有那种一切都在场并得到概括的大场面、那种经典冲突的大场面。例如，布莱希特在《伽利略传》中的一个天才之举，就是没有让人看到审判的大场面&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt; (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;参见多&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;尔⑨&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;。对伽利略的审判，那是所有人都料想会看到的。所有人都料想会听到伽利略说出那句历史性的话，关于地球的：&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;但它还是在转动&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt; ! &amp;rdquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;布莱希特没有让人看到审判，伽利略也没有说出那句历史性的话。结果是，剧作的中心不在剧作之中，而在剧作之外，这个中心，人们是永远看不到的。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;3、&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;最后必须&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;相对于观看者和演员本身就演员的表演所形成的看法&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;对演员的表演进行移置。在这一点上，所有人都知道布莱希特的那些重大的技术革新。演员应该和他自己拉开这样的&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;距离&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;rdquo;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;演员应该自我移置，走出那种关于演员的意识形态。通常，人们倾向于把布莱希特的所有这些革新都看成是纯技术的。没错：布莱希特改变了演员表演的技术，但这种技术是更大范围的改变的一部分，它是戏剧实践在整体上改变的一部分。如果我们把它和别的方面分开，它就失去其功能了。如今所有人都在运用布莱希特的这些技术。我们可以确信无疑地说，把布莱希特戏剧实践的革命归结为一些技术上的［&amp;hellip;&amp;hellip;］简单秘诀，是对布莱希特革命的背叛。实践和技术完全是两码事。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 21.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;所有这些移置的结果，在场景和观众之间造成了一种新的关系。这是一种被移置的关系。布莱希特把这种移置效果表述为间离效果&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt; (effet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;－&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;V)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;，就观众本身而言，则是认同的终结。观众应该停止与舞台让他看到的那些东西相认同，他应该处于批判的立场，并且自己选择党派、判断、投票和作决定。剧作不能帮他决定什么。剧作不是一件现成的外衣。剧作不是一件外衣。观众应该在剧作的布料上，或确切地说，是在剧作给他提供的一片片布料上，亲手裁剪一件自己的外衣。因为在剧作里没有预制的外衣。简言之，没有主角。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 21.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;我没有时间来表明，在马克思的哲学革命中，事情完全是以同样的方式发生的。马克思的哲学革命就在于引起哲学中的移置，这些移置具有双重的目标：在实践上废除哲学神秘化的作用，以及让那些受到马克思主义哲学实践影响的人在了解事实的情况下作决定。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 21.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;不过还是有一点重要的不同：因为尽管有这么多相似，但戏剧不是哲学，戏剧的材料不是哲学的材料。戏剧是艺术，而哲学，则是理论。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 21.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;也许就在这一点上，布莱希特达到了自己的限度。他的确说过戏剧应该表明&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt; ( montere)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;政治和科学，但始终应该是戏剧，因为戏剧是某种特殊的东西，不过，他没有很明确地说过在哪一点上戏剧是某种特殊的东西，他没有说过是什么使得戏剧就是戏剧，而不是别的东西。然而布莱希特的确给了我们一些正面的指点。例如，他说过戏剧应该通过演员的行为举止，以具体的、可见的方式来&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;montere&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;，即让人看到&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt; ( faire voir)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;，而戏剧的特性就是要让人看到&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;( montere)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;，但他同样说过戏剧应该让人得到娱乐。因而戏剧的特性就是要让人看到某种重要的东西，同时让人得到娱乐。人们如何可能既让人看到，又让人得到娱乐，而娱乐又从何而来呢？对此，布莱希特给出了一些不很令人满意的说明。他倾向于把&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;让人看到&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;rdquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;和让人认识到&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt; (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;科学&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt; )&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;等同起来。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt; (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;在布莱希特那里有一个&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt; Aufkl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: E; color: black;&quot;&gt;&amp;auml;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;rer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;⑩方面：&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;科学时代的戏剧&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;rdquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;的主题，等等&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt; )&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;他倾向于把娱乐解释为一种快乐，理解的快乐，感到自己能够参与改造世界的快乐，改造的快乐。他倾向于把对世界的改造同对观看者的改造、把现代科学同戏剧提供给观看者看到的客观认识纳入一种直接关系、一种短路。然而这些说明碰到了一些困难。主要的困难，布莱希特自己就提出了，因为他说过在戏剧［舞台］上出现的一切既非科学，也非生活，他说过必须让观看者不知所措，让他大失所望。这样的失望，如何可能同时也是一种快乐呢？在这种快乐和戏剧必须要带来的娱乐之间，有一种怎样的关系呢？布莱希特的理论说明是不充分的，但我要再一次说，不应该认为这些理论说明就是布莱希特的全部。他的实践的内容，比他的理论说明的内容要多得多。至于我呢，我只想试着从布莱希特的&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;同时也是斯特雷勒&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;⑪&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;的&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;实践中，得出几点补充性的理论说明。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 21.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;首先，我要提出一个布莱希特自己回答过的、非常简单的问题&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;什么是戏剧再现&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt; ( repr&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;&amp;eacute;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;sentation)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;的材料？需要用什么材料，才能使戏剧再现&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;既在观众一边、又在演员一边&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;得以进行呢？事实是：戏剧存在。但要让它存在，必须在观众和舞台之间发生某种事情：因而必须有某种事情使戏剧交流成为可能，进而使戏剧实践得以施展。布莱希特说得很对：那便是人们的意见和行为。用我们的马克思主义理论语汇，我们可以说：戏剧的材料，就是意识形态的东西。意识形态的东西，不仅仅是一些观念，或观念的体系，而且正如葛兰西很明确地看到的那样，它们同时是观念和行为，是行为中的观念，二者形成了一个整体。当观看者来看戏的时候，他们在头脑里和身体上具有一些观念和行为。在舞台上，人们让他们看到一些观念和行为，一些行为中的观念，人们让他们看到意识形态的东西。这使戏剧的存在成为可能，因为观众在舞台上看到了他们在头脑里、在身体上具有的东西。用一个老的说法&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;说得不错&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;在戏剧里，观众看到的东西，就是他自己。戏剧就像一面镜子，观看者在那里想要看到的，是他们在头脑里和身体上具有的东西，他们在那里是要认出自己&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;( sereconna&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: 宋体;&quot;&gt;&amp;icirc;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;tre)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;。这是至关重要的：因为我们知道，意识形态的功能在于承认&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;( reconnais&amp;shy;sance) (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;而非认识&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;。证明就是：我们可以在大众面对某个剧中角色的成功表演所做出的自发反应中发现这一点。观众说：&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;正是这样&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;像是真的一样。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;rdquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;这本身就是表达承认的方式，就像面对一幅肖像说：&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;正是他。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;rdquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;当观众来看戏的时候，他总是怀着最后能说出&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;正是这样&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;rdquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;的希望来到这里的。当他认出自己的时候，当他确信认出了自己的时候，他就满意了。这是首要的满足。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 21.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;但要让这种对意识形态自我加以承认的快感真正甘之如饴，就必须冒一定的风险，这是有一定危险的风险。人们之所以为了寻求某种良好的自我确认、良好的自我承认而来看戏，是因为人们对自我不完全确信，是因为人们对自我有些怀疑。当然，人们不承认这一点，但它却构成了人们期待的快感的一部分。这就是为什么戏剧只有通过游戏这种风险、这种危险、这种怀疑，才能真正给人带来快感&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;就是为了最终排除一切风险、一切危险、一切怀疑。通过游戏这些担忧、这些怀疑、这些风险，戏剧高调说出了人们只是低调猜想的事情。这给观看者带来了双重的快感。首先，他笑了，因为他相信总是另一些人在担忧、在怀疑，等等。其次，他满意了，因为到头来一切总会以这样那样的方式顺利解决，而快感则会由于人们擦肩而过的危险而倍增。最终，人们认出了自己，人们就说：这的确是真的，这话意味着他们认出了自己，他们得到了证明。当观看者来看戏的时候，他就接受了游戏的规则：恰恰是人们&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;游戏&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;rdquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;自己的观念和行为，让他们看到了自己的观念和行为没有冒任何风险。戏剧是亚里士多德以及弗洛伊德所说净化：艺术是一种虚构的凯旋。翻译一下：虚构的凯旋，也就是虚构的风险。在戏剧中，观看者得到了一种看人玩火的快感，因为他确信没有火，或者火不是在他家里，而是在别人家里，不管怎样，是因为他确信在他家里没有火。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 21.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;如果人们想知道戏剧为什么会让人得到娱乐，就必须考虑这类非常特殊的快感&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;玩火的快感，没有危险，却带有双重的条款：&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;、这是一种没有危险的火，因为是在舞台上，因为剧作总是会把火扑灭，以及&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;、有火的话，那也总是在邻人家里。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 21.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;这里必须说邻人这个词，也就是指观众。因为观众是由邻人组成的。这使得戏剧区别于电影&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;人们谈论这一点已经很久&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;，因为戏剧的场景就在大厅里。历史上就是如此&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;在剧院里，人们在身体上，或者通过那些在一定程度上人数众多的代表团，重新发现了社会的不同阶级。剧院的大厅，连同它的优劣不等的位置，它的幕间休息，它的寒暄交谈，就是一个小社会，那里再生产着种种社会关系及其差异。下层人民来看大人物。大人物知道自己被关注。在剧院的大厅里，人们看到自己和关注自己。他们双重地看到自己&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;在大厅里，先于在舞台上看到自己。邻人们&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;舞台上的火是在他们家里&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;看似偶然地也在大厅里。小人物在大厅里满怀敬意地关注大人物，也嘲笑大人物&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;如果舞台上的火是在后者家里，或者，他们发现大人物在战胜其生活与意识的种种危机的舞台上也&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;&gt;是伟大的。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;⑫&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 21.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;【注释】&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;①这篇文章&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt; (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;标题为《哲学与政治文集》法文版编者所加&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;原本是阿尔都塞为参加米兰小剧院于&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;1968&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;年&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;月&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;日在小剧院之友协会所在地组织的公开讨论而写，未完成，也未宣读。小剧院是米兰的著名演剧团体，阿尔都塞论戏剧的三篇文章都是为它而写。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;mdash; &amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;译者注&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;②第一部是&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;19&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;世纪意大利剧作家贝尔多拉西的作品，后两部均系&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;18&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;世纪意大利剧作家哥尔多尼所作。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;mdash; &amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;译者注&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;③作者为此剧写了《&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;小剧院&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;rdquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;，贝尔多拉西和布莱希特&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt; (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;关于一部唯物主义戏剧的笔记&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt; )&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;》一文，收入《保卫马克思》。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;mdash; &amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;译者注&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;④此处方括号里的文字为法文版编者增补，下同。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;mdash; &amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;译者注&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;⑤⑦&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;repr&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;&amp;eacute;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;sentation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;这个词及其动词形式，在涉及戏剧时通常就指&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;演出&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;rdquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;，但有的时候需要译成&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;再现&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;rdquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;，有的时候则有&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;代表&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;rdquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;的意思。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;mdash; &amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;译者注&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;⑥在本篇中&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;jeu&amp;rdquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;一般翻译成&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;表演&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;rdquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;但该词也可以指&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;游戏&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;rdquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;，更有&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;起&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;作用&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;rdquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;的意思，作者加引号就是为了强调这一点。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;mdash; &amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;译者注&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;⑧本文中的&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;&amp;eacute;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;ros&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;也须作&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;英雄&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;rdquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;理解。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;mdash; &amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;译者注&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;⑨指贝尔纳&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;&amp;middot;多尔，《〈伽利略传〉和马车夫》一文。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;mdash; &amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;译者注&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;⑩德文&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt; :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;启蒙者。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;mdash; &amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;译者注&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;瑡乔吉奥&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;&amp;middot;斯特雷勒，小剧院导演。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;mdash; &amp;mdash;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;译者注&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;⑪&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;乔吉奥&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;&amp;middot;斯特雷勒，小剧院导演。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;mdash; &amp;mdash;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;译者注&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;⑫&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;文章到此中断，未完成。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;mdash; &amp;mdash;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;译者注&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 宋体;&quot;&gt;（陈越、王立秋 译）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;</description>
    </item>
</rdf:RDF>
